Transmission



July 31, 1951 Filed Oct. 29, 1945 v. J. JANDASEK 2,562,464

TRANSMISSION 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR.

Ma 0005/2 JJwvma-w July 31, 1951 v. J JANDASEK 2,562,464

TRANSMISSION Filed Qct. 29, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V EN TOR.

197' 7" GENE I.

Patented July 31, 1951 TRANSMISSION Vladimir J. Jandasek, Detroit, Mich, assignor to Bendix Aviation Corporation, Detroit, Mich, a

corporation of Delaware Application October 29, 1945, Serial No. 625,308 8 Claims. (01. 74-132) This invention relates to transmissions, and more particularly to combined fluid and mechanical transmissions. v

Broadly the invention comprehends a transmission including a duplex fluid transmission coupled with a compound planetary gear system.

An object of the invention is to provide a transmission having the equivalent of four speeds forward.

Another object of the invention 'is to provide transmit power through a unitary fluid drive, and

V to transmit power through a. duplex fluid drive.

a transmission having a duplex fluid transmission, one operative to deliver power with torque multiplication.

Another object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling and a fluid torque converter adapted to operate in sequence and concomitantly.

Another object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid-coupling, a fluid torque converter and a compound planetary gear system.

Another object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling and a fluid torque converter, operative in sequence and concomitantly, coupled with a compound planetary gearing system operative to transmit power with torque multiplication, also as a coupling to effect one-to-one ratio drive, and to reverse the direction of power flow.

A further object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling and a fluid torque converter having a reaction member free to rotate in one direction and held against rotation in the reverse direction, and means under control of the reaction member operative to lock the impeller of the coupling to the impeller of the converter. 7

A further object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a duplex fluid transmis-- sion and a compound planetary gearing system both operative to transmit power with torque multiplication.

Yet a further object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling and a fluid torque converter having their driven elements fixedly secured to one another and their driving elements adapted to be connected to one another as a result of reaction on the fluid in the circuit of the converter.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling, a fluid torque converter and a compound planetary gear system automatically operative to transmit power with duplex torque multiplication, to transmit power with torque multiplication, to

Yet a further object of the invention is to provide a. transmission including a fluid coupling,

a fluid torque converter, a compound planetary gearing system, and a fluid pressure system for control of these instrumentalities.

Still a further object of the invention is to provide a transmission including a fluid coupling, a fluid torque converter, a compound planetary gear system, and a fluid pressure system for automatic control of these instrumentalities, governed by the speed of a prime mover.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description taken in connection with the drawings forming a part of, this specification, and in which:

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a transmission embodying the invention; and

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical illustration of a fluid pressure system for control of the transmission.

Referring to the drawings for more specific details of the invention, 10 represents the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine having a flange l2 and an axial recess I4. A bearing I6 fitted in the recess receives a center shaft l8 having a hub 20. The hub has an axial recess 22, and a bearing 24 fitted in the recess 22 receives a driven shaft 26.

The center shaft l8 has an axial passage 28, a circumferential groove 30 and a radial passage 32 providing a communication between the axial passage and a groove. The shaft also has a circumferential groove 34', and a radial passage 36 provides a. communication between the axial passage 28 and the groove 34.

A hub 38 bolted or otherwise secured to the flange l2 of the crankshaft supports a web 40 having secured thereto a housing 42, and a fluid pressure actuated means indicated generally at 44 is fixedly secured to the web 40. The fluid pressure actuated means includes a cylinder 46 and a piston 48 reciprocablein the chamber of the cylinder and the chamber is connected as by a tube 50 to'a passage 52 radially disposed in the hub 38 and in communication with the groove 30 in the center shaft It.

A disc clutch indicated generally at 54 includes clutch plates 56 supported on the cylinder 46 in A fluid coupling indicated generally at 64 includes an impeller 66 and a runner 66 cooperating with one another to provide a fluid circuit 10. The impeller 66 includes a web 12 flxedly secured to the web 60 on the hub 62 of the clutch and a shroud 14 supported by the web 12 having arranged thereon spaced blades 16. The runner 66 includes a hub 16 splined to the center shaft I6, and a web 60 on the hub supporting a shroud 62 having arranged thereon spaced vanes 64.

A stationary housing 66 has a concentrically disposed hub 66 fitted with a bearing 60 for the reception of the driven shaft 26, and the hub has an internal annular groove providing a fluid passage 62 communicating as by a port 64 with a circumferential groove 66 in the hub. The housing 66 also has a hub 66 arranged in oppositely disposed relation to the hub 66, and the hub 66 rigidly supports a sleeve I fitted on the center shaft I6. The hub 66 has a concentrically disposed flange I02 providing a suitable housin for a pump I04 adapted to be driven by the driven shaft 26, and the hub 66 supports an auxiliary housing I06 for a pump I06 and a governor IIO.

The sleeve I 00 has in its wall a fluid passage I I2 parallel to the axis of the sleeve, a radial port 4 providing a communication between the passage H2 and the pump I06, a passage II6 opening at the perimeter of the sleeve and a radial passage II6 extended through the wall of the sleeve and communicating with the groove 64 in the center shaft. The sleeve also has a longitudinal slot providing a fluid passage I20 for return of fluid to the sump, not shown.

A valve indicated generally at I22 includes a sleeve I24 mounted for slight angular movement on the sleeve I00, and the sleeve I24 has internal slots I26 and I26, the former adapted to provide communication between the ports H6 and H6 and the latter adapted to provide communication between the port H6 and the passage I20.

A torque converter indicated generally at I60 includes an impeller I62, a two-stage turbine I64, and a reaction member I66 cooperating with one another to provide a fluid circuit I66.

The impeller I62 includes a hub I40 mounted for rotation on the sleeve I60 and extended into the auxiliary housing I06 for attachment of the driving element of the pump I06, and a fluid seal is interposed between the hub and the wall of the auxiliary housing. The hub I46 supports a web I42 having arranged thereon spaced blades I44 supporting an inner shroud I46.

The two-stage turbine I64 includes a shroud I46 having thereon spaced vanes I50 supporting an inner shroud I62 for cooperation with the inner shroud I46, and the inner shroud has thereon spaced vanes I54 supporting an outer shroud I56. The vanes I50 constitute the first stage of the turbine and the vanes I54 constitute the second stage of the turbine.

The reaction member I66 includes a hub I56 mounted for free rotation in one direction on the sleeve I24 and held against rotation in the reverse direction by means I66 interposed between the hub and the sleeve, and the hub supports a flange I62 having thereon a shroud I64 supporting spaced vanes I66 between the first and second stages of the turbine.

A planetary gearing system indicated generally at I66 is enclosed in the housing 66. As shown, a hub I on the centershaft I6 supports a sun gear I12, a drum I 14 mounted for free rotation on the hub supports spaced planet pinions I16 in mesh with the sun gear I12, an orbit gear I16 meshes with the pinions, and a fluid pressure actuated brake I serves to hold the drum against movement.

Another planetary gearing system, also in the housing, indicated generally at I62 includes a hub I64 splined to the driven shaft. The hub supports a spider I66 and keyed or otherwise secured to the spider is a drum I66 which provides a I carrier for the orbit gear I 16 o! the planetary gearing system I66. A sleeve I66 on the driven shaft 26 supports a sun gear I66. Planet pinions I62 mounted for rotation on the spider I66 mesh with the sun gear I66, and an orbit gear I64 supported on a flange I66 integral with the hub I16 meshes with the pinions I62.

The sleeve I66 on the center shaft supports a drum I66 and a disc clutch 266 connected between the drums I66 and I66 is effective to lock the drums together. The clutch is controlled by a fluid pressure actuated means including 9. cylinder 202 and a piston 264 reciprocable in the cylinder, and the chamber of the cylinder is connected as by a fluid e 266extended through the drum and in communication with the groove 66 in the hub 66 of the housing 66, and a brake 206 controlled by a fluid pressure actuated motor serves to hold the drum I66 against movement.

A fluid pressure system for control of the transmission includes the fluid delivery pumps I64 and I06 connected as by conduits 2I6, 2I2 and 2I4 to a valve indicated generally at 2I6. An accumulator 2I6 is connected between the pumps and the valve, and a check valve 226 connected in the conduit 2I4 forward of the pump I64 inhibits retrograde movement of fluid through the pump The valve 2I6 includes a cylinder 222 having spaced discharge ports 224 and 226 which may be connected to a sump not shown and a piston 226 reciprocable in the cylinder has spaced lands 260, 262, 264 and 266 providing therebetween separate chambers 266, 246, 242 and 244 adapted to be connected upon reciprocation of the piston within its limits, to conduits 246, 246. 266, 262, 264 and 256.

The conduit 246 is connected to a fluid actuated motor 256 for actuation of the brake 266 and to a shifter valve indicated generally at 266, the purpose of which will hereinafter appear. The conduit 246 is connected to a fluid actuated motor 262 for actuation of the brake I60. The conduit 250 is connected to the shifter valve 266. The conduit 252 is connected to the valve I22 which in turn is connected by a conduit 264 to the cylinder 46 of the fluid pressure motor for actuation of the clutch 64. The conduit 254 is connected to the shifter valve 266 and to the cylinder 202 of the fluid pressure means for actuation of the clutch 200 and the conduit 266 is connected to the governor IIO which in turn is connected by a conduit 266 to the conduit 2 I2.

The shifter valve 260 includes a cylinder having discharge ports 210 and 212 adapted to be connected to the sump, and a piston reciprocable in the cylinder having spaced lands 214, 216 and 216 providing therebetween spaced chambers 266 and 262 adapted to be connected upon reciprocation of the piston within its limits, to the conduits 246, 250 and 254, and the respective ends of the cylinder 260 are connected by conduits 264 and 266 to a vacuum-controlled valve indicated generally at 286.

The vacuum control valve 266 includes a cylinder 260 having spaced exhaust ports 262 and 264 adapted to be connected to the sump, and a piston 296 reclprocable in the cylinder under the influence of a pulsator 298 adapted to be connected to the manifold of a prime mover, not shown. The piston has lands 388, 382 and 384 providing therebetween chambers 386 and 388 adapted to be connected upon reciprocation of the energy of the fluid is received on the vanes I58 and I54 of the first and second stages of the turbine I34 and on the vanes I66 of the reaction member. This results in rotation of the turbine and movement of the reaction member to its stationary position.

Upon rotation of the turbine, force is transmitted with torque multiplication through the web 88 and hub 18 to the center shaft I8. During this stage of operation, the governor II8 serves to hold the valve 2 I8 against movement; however, upon attaining sufficient speed the fluid in the chamber 244 of the valve is released and the valve is automatically shifted to establish communication between the chamber 248 and the conduit .258, whereupon the fluid under pressure enters the chamber 306 of the vacuum-controlled valve 288, which has been shifted inwardly by the pulsator 298 under the influence of the prime mover. This shift of valve 288 establishes communication between the chamber 386 and the conduit 284, whereupon fluid under pressure flows through the conduit into the cylinder of the valve 268 forward of the land 214, resulting in shifting the valve 268 to establish communication between the chamber 288 and the conduit 258, whereupon fluid delivered by the conduit 258 into the chamher 288 flows therefrom through the conduit 246 to the fluid pressure actuated motor 258, causing energization thereof with the resultant application of the brake 288. Upon application of the brake 288, the sun gear I98 is held against movement and under this condition the power with torque multiplication delivered by the center shaft I8 flows through the planetary gear system I82 which serves to enhance the torque and to transfer this increased torque to the driven shaft.

Upon attaining a predetermined speed wherein the increased torque delivered by the planetary gear system I82 is no longer required, the vacuum in the manifold of the prime mover decreases and the spring of the vacuum-controlled valve becomes effective to shift the valve so as to establish communication between the chamber 388 of the vacuum-controlled valve and the conduits 258 and 286, whereupon fluid flows through the conduit 258, the chamber 388, and the conduit 286 into the shifter valve 268 back of the land 218, resulting in shifting the valve 268 to interrupt communication between the conduit 258, the chamber 288 and the conduit 246 so as to relieve the pressure on the fluid in the motor 258 to release the brake 288, and simultaneously with this operation communication is established between the chamber 282 and the conduit 254 whereupon fluid is delivered into the cylinder 282 of the fluid actuated means for the clutch 288, resulting in applying the clutch and effectively locking the planetary gearing system I82 for rotation as a single unit serving to transmit force from the center shaft to the driven shaft at a one-to-one ratio.

Upon attaining a predetermined speed where torque conversion is no longer required, reaction occurs on the fluid in the circuit I38, and this results in movement of the reaction member I36 on the holding means I68, whereupon the reaction member is released for free rotation in the circuit. As the reaction member disengages, the sleeve I24 is moved due to friction through a slight angle, and this results in opening the valve I22, and concomitantly with this operation the valve 2I6 is shifted by increase of pressure on the fluid in the chamber 244 to establish communication between the conduits 2 I2 and 252, whereupon fluid flows through the conduits 2I2 and 252 and the valve I22 into the chamber of the cylinder 46 and I is augmented by power delivered by the converter I38 operating at this stage as a fluid coupling.

The power delivered by the .fiuid coupling 64 and the converter I38, operating as a fluid coupling, to the center shaft flows through the center shaft and the planetary gearing system, locked to rotate as a single unit connecting the center shaft to the driven shaft.

Upon decrease in speed to a rate where torque multiplication is again required, reaction on the fluid in the circuit causes the reaction member to move through a slight angle in reverse direction to a position, where it is held by the holding means I68. This movement of the reaction member rotates the sleeve I24 through a slight angle, resulting in closing the valve I22, whereuponpressure on the fluid in the cylinder 46 is released and the fluid in the cylinder escapes through the relief port of the valve and is returned to the sump.

Under this condition, the impeller 66 of the fluid coupling is released for free rotation, and, accordingly, does not transmit power through the fluid medium to the runner 68. Accordingly power from the prime mover is received solely by the impeller I32 of the converter and is delivered through the fluid medium to the turbine I34 and reaction member I36, and these instrumentalities serve to transmit the power with torque multipli- 4 cation to the center shaft I8, and, as hereinabove recited, the power is transmitted through the center shaft and the planetary gear system, locked to rotate as a single unit, to the driven shaft.

Under this condition, should it become. desirable to reverse the direction of travel, the valve 2; may be manually shifted so that the chamber 248 thereof communicates with conduits 2 I2 and 248, whereupon fluid flows through the conduit 2I2, the chamber 248 and the conduit 248 to the fluid actuated motor 262, resulting in applying the brake I88. This serves to hold the planet pinions I16 of the planetary gear system I68 So as to reverse the direction of power flow, and under this condition the driven shaft 26 rotates in the reverse direction. This completes the cycle.

While this invention has been described in connection with certain specific embodiments, the

principle involved is susceptible of numerous other applications that will readily occur to persons skilled in the art. The invention is, therefore, to be limited only as indicated by the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the various features of the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent ls:

l. A transmission comprising a fluid coupling including cooperative driving and driven elements, a torque converter cooperating therewith including a driving element, a driven element secured to the driven element of the coupling and a reaction element free to rotate in one direction and held against rotation in the reverse direction, a clutch for connecting the driving elements together, means for actuating the clutch under control oi the reaction element, a planetary gear member.

system including a sun gear, planet pinions and an orbit gear connecting the driven elements to a driven shaft, means for holding the sun gear 01' the gearing system and means for locking the gearing system.

2. A transmission comprising a fluid coupling including cooperative driving and driven elements, a torque converter cooperating therewith including a driving element, a driven element secured to the driven element of the coupling, and a reaction element free to rotate in one direction and held against rotation in the reverse direction, a clutch for connecting the driving elements together, means for actuating the clutch under control of the reaction member, a planetary gearing system including a sun gear, planet pinions and an orbit gear connecting the driven elements to a driven member, fluid pressure actuated means for holding the sun gear of the planetary gearing system for the transmission of power with torque multiplication, fluid pressure actuated means for locking the planetary gearing system for the transmission of power at one-to-one ratio' drive, and a gearing system for reversing the direction of drive coupled through the planet pinions of the planetary gearing system to the driven member, and fluid pressure actuated means for holding one of the gears of the reversing gearing system.

3. A transmission comprising a fluid coupling including a cooperative driving element and a driven element, a torque converter including a driving element, a driven element fixedly secured to the driven element of the coupling, and a reaction element freely rotatable in one direction and held against rotation in the reverse direction, a cluteh for connecting the driving elements together for rotation in unison, a planetary gearing system including a sun gear, planet pinions and an orbit gear connecting the driven elements to a driven member, control means for the gearing system effective to hold the sun gear to transmit force with torque multiplication, control means for the gearing system operative to lock the gear system to eflect a one-to-one ratio drive and a reverse gear system coupled through the planetary gearing system eflective to reverse the direction of drive of the driven member.

4. A transmission comprising a fluid coupling including cooperative driving and driven elements, a torque converter cooperating therewith including a driving element, a driven element fixedly secured to the driven element of the coupling, and a reaction element, means under control of the reaction element for coupling the driving elements together, and a gearing system including planet pinions connected to the driven 5. A transmission comprising a fluid coupling including cooperative driving and driven elements, a torque converter cooperating therewith including a driving element, a driven element fixedly secured to the driven element of the coupling and a movable reaction element, means under control of the reaction element for coupling the driving elements of the coupling and the converter for rotation in unison, a planetary gear system connecting 'the driven elements of the coupling and converter to a driven member, control elements for the planetary gearing system eflective to operate the planetary gear system for the transmission of power with torque multiplication during one phase of operation, to operate the planetary gearing system as a single unit for the transmission of power at a. one-teone ratio drive during another phase 01 operation, and a gearing system connected through the planetary gear system eflective to reverse the direction of drive of the driven member.

6. A transmission comprising a fluid coupling including cooperative driving and driven elements, a torque converter cooperating therewith including a driving element, a driven element secured to the driven element oi the coupling, and a movable reaction element, means under control of the reaction element for coupling the drivin elements of the coupling and the converter, a planetary gear system connecting the driven elements of the coupling and the converter to a driven member, a reverse gear system connected through the planet pinions of the planetary gear system, control elements for the planetary gear system, a speed responsive means for governing at least one of the control elements so as to effect transmission of power with torque multiplication, means for governing another of the control elements so as to transmit .power at one-to-one drive ratio, and manually actuated means for control or the reverse gear system.

7. A transmission for a motor vehicle comprising a fluid coupling including cooperative driving and driven elements, a fluid torque converter cooperating therewith including a driving element, a driven element connected to the driven element of the coupling, and a movable reaction member free to rotate in one direction and held against rotation in the reverse direction, a clutch under control of the reaction element for coupling the driving elements of the coupling and the converter for rotation in unison, a planetary gear system connecting the driven elements of the coupling and converter to a driven member, control elements for the planetary gear system, a fluid pressure system connected to the control elements, a speed responsive means connected in the fluid pressure system for control of at least one of the control elements and a vacuum controlled valve conelement of the coupling and a movable reaction member, said converter operative in one phase to transmit power with torque multiplication and in another phase as a fluid coupling, a fluid .pressure actuated element operative to couple the driving elements of the coupling and the converter for rotation in unison, a planetary gear system connecting the driven elements of the coupling and converter to a driven member, a reverse drive gear system connected through the planet pinions of the planetary gear system, fluid pressure actuated elements for controlling the planetary gear system, a fluid pressure actuated element for control of the reverse drive gear system, a fluid pressure system connected to the fluid pressure actuated elements for coupling the driving elements of the coupling and the converter and to thefluid pressure actuated elements for control of the planetary gear system and the reverse drive system, said fluid pressure system including pumps for delivery of fluid under pressure, a slide valve connected to the output of the pumps, a speed responsive means connected between the output of the pumps and the slide valve, means connecting the slide valve to the fluid pressure actuated means to couple the driving elements of the coupling and converter when the converter operates as a fluid coupling,

means connecting the slide valve to one of the fluid pressure actuatedelements for holding the sun gear of the planetary gear system so as to transmit power with torque multiplication, means connecting the slide valve to another fluid pressure actuated element for locking the planetary gear system to eifect one-to-oneratio drive. means connecting the slide valve to yet another fluid pressure actuated element for effectively reversing the direction of drive of the driven member, ashift valve connected to the slide valve and to at least one of the control elements and a vacuum actuated valve connected to the slide valve and governing the fluid pressure system.

VLADIMIR J. JANDASEK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED sTATEs PATENTS FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Feb. 18, 1932 Number Number 

